Wednesday, March 25, 2020

Different Essay Types

Different Essay Types Essay writing is an important part of one’s education, regardless of whether you’re in high school or college. It would be impossible to avoid writing essays as lecturers use them to assess students’ knowledge of the subject, understanding of the topic, vocabulary skills, critical thinking, and so much more. The term â€Å"essay† refers to different types of academic writing. Each of these types has its own unique purpose, elements, and methods. In order to get better grades and improve writing skills, it’s necessary to understand every type of an essay. You came to the right place; we bring you all the details below. Argumentative essay Argumentative essay is defined as a genre of writing that requires an author to investigate a topic, collect, generate, and evaluate evidence to establish a position on the matter in a concise fashion. This is one of the most common essay writing assignments in schools and colleges. What is the purpose of this essay? The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to defend a debatable position on a certain issue with the ultimate goal to encourage a reader to accept the argument. In other words, your goal is to decide whether to agree or disagree with an essay subject, take a side, and develop an argument to demonstrate why you’re right. Of course, to show your argument is valid it needs to be supported by evidence. What are the elements/parts of the essay? Introduction – starts with an attention-grabbing hook, provides background information on the subject, and announces the thesis statement (argument you’re going to discuss) Developing the argument – the body of the essay, divided into paragraphs containing a claim and evidence. Each paragraph should be dedicated to one claim (reasons why you’re right) and evidence to support it. Avoid writing multiple claims in one section. The number of paragraphs isn’t defined, but most students stick to 3-4 depending on the subject, word count etc. Debunking opponent’s arguments – there’s always the opposite side of the issue. This section addresses opposing arguments and demonstrates why they’re wrong Conclusion – restates the primary premise or argument, provides a general warning of the consequences that could happen if the main premise isn’t followed i.e. explains why we need to take action and solve some major problem What are the methods? Since argumentative essay and other types of academic writing should be written in a precise manner, you have to be careful not to overdo it with figures of speech. The purpose of figures of speech is to emphasize the argument, not to lessen its impact. Useful figures of speech to add moderately include: Metaphor – an implied comparison between two similar things that have something in common Personification – an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human abilities Simile – a stated comparison between two things, people, ideas Alliteration – repetition of an initial consonant sound Form of writing The argumentative essay uses formal, academic writing style to discuss a certain subject. A writer focuses on developing the argument in a manner that keeps the reader glued to the paper to the very end. Point of view Even though the argumentative essay requires a writer to take a stand and back it up with evidence, it should be written from a third-person perspective. First-person writing can downplay the importance of facts and evidence while third-person writing emphasizes them. Tone of the essay This type of academic writing requires an authoritative and formal tone, but it should also appeal to the reader. Take into consideration the audience and avoid writing â€Å"big† words randomly. Persuasive essay A persuasive essay is a form of academic writing wherein a writer tries to convince the reader that one idea is more legitimate and accurate than the other. Nowadays, a persuasive essay is used as a synonym for argumentative papers, but they’re not the same. Argumentative essays use logic and reason while persuasive essays may involve a writer’s emotions and feelings too. What is the purpose of this essay? The purpose of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader that the assertion, claim, or opinion of the writer is valid. The goal is to try to persuade the audience to adopt your view on the matter. While it can involve emotions, the paper also needs evidence to make your â€Å"persuasion† even stronger. What are the elements/parts of the essay? Introduction – grabs the reader’s attention, makes audience relate to the subject, and announces thesis Body paragraphs – each paragraph features one reason/claim and evidence to support it Conclusion – short summary of the subject, benefits to the reader, and call-to-action in one paragraph What are the methods? The power of persuasion is an art form and there are different ways to make it stronger. Careful use of figures of speech and other stylistic methods can intensify your arguments. Useful methods to use include hyperbole for extravagant statements, irony, metaphor, imagery, simile, puns (but avoid clichà ©s), you name it. Form of writing The persuasive essay focuses on an in-depth assessment of the subject in order to defend your claims and make them appear superior to others. While it involves one’s emotions and passions, it’s crucial not to overdo it. Point of view Although the power of persuasion comes down to a person’s beliefs and passions, the essay requires third-person writing. It’s important to stay away from first-person writing because it can lessen the significance of evidence you include. Tone of the essay A formal type of writing that uses sarcasm and irony to emphasize strong voice and opinion. Compare and contrast essay Compare and contrast essay looks at the similarities and differences between two or more objects, events, or ideas. This type of an essay is particularly common at the university where lecturers test the understanding of the subject by asking students to compare and contrast two theories, historical periods, methods, characters in a novel etc. Sometimes students are asked to compare or contrast only, but in other instances, they are required to do both within a single essay. What is the purpose of this essay? The purpose of compare and contrast essay is not to state the obvious, but to illuminate unexpected similarities or unexpected differences. A writer has to dig deep below the surface to analyze the subject and use evidence to confirm both similarities and differences. What are the elements/parts of the essay? Introduction – introduces the main topic and specific ideas or subjects the paper will compare/contrast, announces thesis statement Body paragraphs – each paragraph starts with a topic sentence focused on the aspect you’re about to compare/contrast. After the topic sentence, it’s important to introduce the evidence you obtained while researching Conclusion – summary of the topic, specifies significance of the subject, provides short evaluation of future developments What are the methods? Compare and contrast essay is the perfect opportunity to use figures of speech such as simile and metaphor as they allow you to compare two objects/ideas both directly and indirectly. The use of oxymoron can also be practical when done correctly. Form of writing The focus of this paper is to connect two subjects or ideas in a meaningful way. Drawing distinctions between two (or more) elements within the same category enhance the understanding of the subject and demonstrate the writer’s critical thinking skills and the ability to evaluate a topic from different angles. Point of view Although you are the one who chooses key similarities/differences, it’s necessary to stick to the third-person writing. Tone of the essay This type of essay requires a clear and authoritative tone. Depending on the subject, a humorous tone can also be fitting. Narrative essay Narrative essay is a type of writing where an author narrates or tells the story. This type of paper is different than other essays because it focuses on a writer’s personal development. What is the purpose of this essay? The purpose of a narrative essay is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. Of course, the narration is non-fictional but it still allows students to explore their creativity. The narrative essay can be experiential, anecdotal, etc. What are the elements/parts of the essay? Introduction – starts with an attention-grabbing hook, describes significance of the subject, and ends with a thesis statement Body paragraphs – include the background of some event, characters (people involved), short anecdote or foreshadowing, onset of the event, climax, and ending or resolution Conclusion – moral of the story, significance of the overall subject, call-to-action (if applicable) What are the methods? Bearing in mind narrative essays revolve around telling a story, a writer can use multiple figures of speech to add more â€Å"soul† into the content. Anaphora (repetition of the same word/phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses) can be very useful for cases when you want to make a big impact. Other figures to use include simile, metaphor, hyperbole, imagery, litotes (an understatement wherein an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite), personification, and others. Form of writing Although narrative essay revolves around telling a story, it should still convey and send a strong message about a certain subject. A writer uses personal experiences to get the point across. Point of view Unlike other types of essay writing, this paper encourages the use of the first person. Tone of the essay The tone should be engaging, approachable, storytelling, but you should still avoid using clichà ©s, abbreviations, slang, etc. Cause and effect essay Cause and effect essay is concerned with why things happen (causes) and the outcomes (effects). This type of writing is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. What is the purpose of this essay? The main purpose of a cause and effect essay is to demonstrate your ability to connect reasons and their consequences in an evidence-based and logical fashion. It’s not uncommon for students to confuse this type of writing for compare and contrast essay. The main difference here is that you don’t analyze similarities/differences, but evaluate causes and effects or results of some actions, ideas, behaviors. What are the elements/parts of the essay? Introduction – sets the tone, catches reader’s attention, announces thesis statement Causes/effects paragraphs – there is no limit here, you can write as many paragraphs as necessary to discuss causes and effects you want. Remember, one cause/effect requires one paragraph, second cause/effect needs a separate paragraph, and so on. This is the section where you include research notes and back up all your claims with strong evidence Conclusion – restates the topic, summarizes key causes and effects, includes call-to-action (if applicable) What are the methods? Bearing in mind the cause and effect essay requires a logical flow of events and an in-depth analysis of the relationship between some events and their consequences, too many figures of speech could lessen the impact of your argument. When using these â€Å"devices† one should be careful because they can distract the reader. In order to achieve heightened effect one can use hyperbole, but with caution. Metaphor and simile can also be useful when used in moderation. Form of writing A writer focuses on the deductive analysis of the existing data to provide a logical reasoning for some event. Point of view Cause and effect essay requires third-person writing. Imagine yourself as a bystander who’s witnessing some event or development and reporting it and its consequences to his/her audience. Tone of the essay This paper requires causal chains, logical flow of events, systematic order of happenings. Expository essay An expository essay is a form of academic writing that requires the student to investigate the topic, evaluate audience, and set an argument in order to report the idea in a concise and logical manner. What is the purpose of this essay? The purpose of the expository essay is to â€Å"expose† and explain some subject in a straightforward manner. A writer carries out extensive research to approach the topic from different angles, analyze obtained information, and compose an essay. It is a fair and balanced analysis of a subject and it is strictly based on facts. What are the elements/parts of the essay? Introduction – a brief overview of the subject and announcement of thesis statement Body paragraphs – each paragraph discusses a specific topic within a given subject. It should contain facts and evidence that support them followed by their analysis Conclusion – summary of key points, reestablished significance of the subject What are the methods? Bearing in mind that expository essay is based on facts only, using figures of speech could decrease their influence. It would be ideal to keep this essay concise and specific from top to bottom, without adding words and phrases that aren’t necessary Form of writing The expository essay focuses on obtaining information and analyzing gathered data. A writer takes the role of a documentary narrator who just describes what is shown on screen. The paper doesn’t set a pro or con argument that persuades the reader to adopt a certain idea. Point of view Ideally, you should use third-person writing to compose an expository essay. Tone of the essay An expository essay is written in a logical and concise manner. A writer should be unbiased and avoid taking sides on the issue/subject.

Friday, March 6, 2020

How would you choose to direct Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essays

How would you choose to direct Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essays How would you choose to direct Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essay How would you choose to direct Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essay This scene starts with Capulet making his grand welcoming speech. I think that classical style music should be playing throughout this scene to show that this is a ballroom dance from the start. However, the music should quieten when the welcoming speech commences.The first line of this scene, Welcome, Gentlemen, should be shouted like an announcement. It should be a warm announcement with large outward hand movements signifying his welcoming of the guests to his premises and his dance. The actor portraying Capulet should be much exaggerated at this point, as he is at his happiest and wants the atmosphere to be cheery also.Once Capulets speech has concluded, he reminisces with his cousin about past times. This should be read to set the environment and activity in this scene. The lines,Tis more, tis more, his son is elder, sir; His son is thirty.Will you tell me that? His son was but a ward two years ago.These are vaguely showing that the atmosphere is friendly and the characters are looking back. It is setting the scene.This is until Romeo can be seen. He should be highlighted on the stage using lighting but whilst still being able to see the rest of the attendees clearly. This will help to show that he is not out of place and is fitting in, but will also help him stand out to the viewing audience. The actor however must also try to act differently to the other guests or even to avoid acting differently, and perhaps unnaturally, he could stand upstage to the party-goers. This would help the audience to see him and will show that he is supposed to be the focus of attention.Romeo should then spy Juliet, at which point the music playing in the background should change to a slower dance which is more romantic. This may help to mark the moment at which Romeo first sees Juliet and perhaps make it that much more important, even special. Romeo must almost be staring constantly at Juliet to show his memorisation at Juliets beauty. I think that when he wishes to talk to a nearby Servingman he should be clasping for his arm in order to get his attention, all the while his eyes still affixed upon Juliet. When he does speak his lines, What ladys that which doth enrich the hand of yonder knight? they should be spoken meaningfully and with enthusiastic passion. This will help to show that Romeo is completely taken aback by Juliet.The Servingmans reply, I know not, sir, could in fact be made to be quite humorous. He could disregard Romeos comment and could be more desperate to say anything to get himself away from the grasp of Romeos hand than answer his question. The servingman could then walk away quickly to the other side of the stage and serve other guests and then look back over to Romeo and shake his head in bemusement. This would be amusing and also emphasise how much Romeo is stupefied by Juliet to the extent that his behaviour has erratically changed since seeing her.Meanwhile, Juliet should be interacting (using mime) with friends. This would m ake the scene seems more natural. I think that she should then catch sight of Romeo and be startled by Romeo as he is by her. The gazing at each-other should last at least 10 seconds. They should be slowly spotlighted and slow music continuing in the background. This would add a touch of romance and passion to their first glimpse of each-other. Hopefully, this will show love at first sight. Another good idea to show how much they are overcome by each-other would be to have an obvious attention point such as a balloon popping. Everyone else could react to it apart from Romeo and Juliet. Little things like this, I believe, would increase the suspense and tension dramatically.Romeo can then make his heartfelt discourse. We know already that he will be dazzled by her beauty, but in his speech he compares her to the light and other bright images, such as in the hyperbole, O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. This suggests that her beauty and radiance itself can light up a room or perhaps even his heart. He feels that everyone else is insignificant compared to her, calling them crows compared to his Juliet who is a snowy dove. Crows tend to be vulgar, noisy birds, which convey images of darkness. Where as a dove again symbolises light but also heaven, purity and peace suggesting that he considers her to be a heavenly figure. This speech must be performed with eye contact between Romeo and Juliet at all times. This speech is very important to the play as it is the first time Romeo openly announces, to himself and the audience, how he feels about Juliet. Perhaps, Romeo could whisper parts of his speech in order to make his words sound a great deal more profound and add a certain amount of meaning.When Romeo is nearing the end of his speech Tybalt, Juliets cousin, and his Page should walk past Romeo and overhear the last couple of sentences of it. As he walks past he should look back at Romeo, and realise that after hearing these words that he is a Montague. He should look back and whisper his words, This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Fetch me my rapier, boy. These must be whispered so that Romeo cannot hear them, but I would also like Tybalt to have a hint of malice in his voice. Tybalt could also remove his mask and throw it down. This would benefit this moment because characteristically it is an act of anger and for the scene it will also let the watching audience visualise Tybalts facial expressions, which are also of anger. When Tybalts Page returns carrying his rapier Capulet must cut across his path.When Capulet sees an enraged Tybalt he asks, Why, how now, kinsman, wherefore storm you so? Capulet should be in complete contrast to Tybalt who is irate. Capulet must enter enjoying the party but must be curious to find out why Tybalt is so angry. When Tybalt explains, Uncle, this is a Montague, our foe, I think Capulets reaction should be quite mixed because he still needs a question answered; whether this is an older member of the family or if it is Romeo. Capulet should ask quickly, Young Romeo is it? this will clear up all doubt in Capulets mind and he can return to his original state as he entered. Tybalt answers him with, Tis he, that villain Romeo, this must be said spitefully with emphasis on the word villain. This will help the audience build up Tybalts character as a nasty man and yet remains loyal.Capulet has yet another monologue after Tybalt has made his point; however, this monologue is persuading Tybalt not to attack the likes of Romeo. Capulet calls him a portly gentleman who has well-governed youth. He does not see Romeo as a threat, unlike Tybalt. He then goes on to moan at Tybalt saying that he must show a fair presence and put off these frowns, and even calls him an ill-beseeming semblance for a feast. He must be getting rather annoyed with Tybalt, and this must be shown by the use of facial expressions and physical gestures.Tybalt disagrees with Capulets comments and goes on to say Ill not endure him. Capulet should snap his reply back to Tybalt by saying He shall be endured. Capulet would now be very aggressive with Tybalt for trying to overthrow his masters orders and using very forceful gestures such as looking straight down upon him and perhaps poking him in the chest. This will also show the power Capulet has over Tybalt. He insults him by calling him a goodman boy. This would be a double insult to Tybalt as he calling him a goodman which means not a gentleman, and to call him boy increases insult to the previous one. Tybalt must be astounded by the comment has made, as Capulet continues his orders.When Capulet has finished making his orders, Tybalt should nod and wait until Capulet has left. When Capulet leaves he should return back where he came from dancing happily. This will show that he really is not bothered about the presence of Romeo. Tybalt could then turn to his Page and say cunningly I will withdraw, but in this intrusion shall, now seeming sweet, convert to bittrest gall. Tybalt is being sneaky and his slyness must come across in his acting style. He can be rubbing his hands and still be looking through the crowd for Romeo.During Capulet and Tybalts conversation, Romeo should have manoeuvred his way over to the approximate location of Juliet. This would look more realistic if he has danced his way over to her, but still must be deliberately staring at Juliet for the amount of time it takes for the conversation to take place. So, once the conversation has ended, Juliet will catch sight of Romeo as she is dancing. Romeo, should smile at her, and receive a smile in return from Juliet. Romeo must make a beckoning gesture with his finger. The music should stop hear and Juliet should signal to her partner that she is tired and needs to have a rest. She should make her way over to Romeo. Romeo should grab her hand, almost whisking her off her feet and whisper, from behind, into her ear. He begins If I profane with my unworthiest h and, this holy shrine, the gentle sin is this, My lips two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a gentle kiss. He must say these lines as a whisper so that he sounds romantic and will entice Juliet. Juliet, once hearing this should turn to him and smile coyly.There appears to be a degree of teasing in Juliets response, For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss, but Romeo is adamant that he wants a kiss from the person he now loves suggesting that if he was to kiss her and she was not to return it then it would not be a sin. Religious imagery plays a big role in this speech, words such as palm, conveying images of Palm Sunday, touching and intimacy or even prayer which suggests communication and worship are used several times. Romeo speaks to Juliet as though she was a saint, making us think once again of purity and perfection. To Romeo she is a shrine, a place of worship and focus that is now in his life. He m ust look at her as if she is from the heavens, as the ideas are already in the script. Due to the irresistibility both characters feel towards each other they should act with a certain degree of restraint and control this would explain the formal language they both use which is understandable as it is the first time they meet. They speak alternately to one another in polite courteous language and accept the adoration and devotion of the other.They must go on until they both become very passionate with each-other, Juliet says Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. Romeo answers,Then move not while my prayers effect I take. Thus from my lips, by thine, my sin is purged. They will then kiss. The kiss must be very passionate and yet must be discrete from Juliets family and she must be sure that no-one can see her. They kiss and soon after Romeo obliges to have his sin again. They kiss once more. They should gaze at each-other in awe.The nurse of the Capulets enters and sees Romeo and Juliet kissing, she may tap Juliet on the shoulder, and Juliet would react startled. The Nurses first line in this scene is one of the most important lines in the scene, if not the play. She says Madam, your mother craves a word with you. Romeo knows that he is attending a Capulet dance, and soon queries why she has her mother in attendance also. Romeo asks,What is her mother? Romeo should be in shock when he hears,Her mother is the lady of the house. His eyes should widen and he must swallow exaggeratedly as he comes to term with the full reality of the situation.The nurse takes Juliet away with her, and Romeo is left distraught. He must be pitied by the audience when he says Is she a Capulet? O dear account! my life is my foes debt. He must walk away and yet still try to catch a last glimpse of Juliet at any opportunity. As he is about to reach the door Capulet stops him and invites him to a trifling foolish banquet, but Romeo must whisper in his ear. The whisper must be unheard to the audience. Capulet thanks Romeo for coming and lets him go on his way. The rest exit the stage apart from Juliet and the Nurse.Juliet is curious to find out the name of the person she has fallen in love with. Come hither, Nurse. What is yond gentleman? When the Nurse replies it would look good to have the same expression from Juliet as seen on Romeo when he found out the identity of Juliet. When the nurse says that his name is Romeo, and a Montague Juliet should collapse over a nearby banister and cry out her rhyme:My only love sprung from my only hate!Too early seen unknown, and known too late!Prodigious birth to love it is to me,That I must love a loathà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d enemy.This rhyme is spoken sombrely and after the Nurse assists Juliet away from the empty hall. She is heartbroken and this should be evident. The Nurse must be trying to console Juliet as the two exit the scene.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 5

Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example rocuring cheaper resources can enable a company to keep product costs low, thereby helping either in generating higher profit margins, or lowering selling prices and increase the company’s competitive edge in the market (Lister, 2014; Caplan, 2014). Some of the types of product costing methods are: Standard costing is the conventional method of costing used by most of the companies today. In this method, a company computes the product cost by forecasting the prospective expenditures that the company is going to incur based on expenditures in the previous fiscal; and derives the final price of its products after forecasting future demand of its products. In short, it is a retrospective process that tries to create benchmarks for future costs of production based on its past costs of production. There are 3 components of standard costing: cost of raw materials, cost of labour and overhead expenditures. These three costs are combined and using the targeted value of production, the company determines the cost of each unit of the product. Standard cost can be defined as the budgeted cost of a unit of output The prime benefit of standard costing method is the simplicity of this method. It helps in setting a target cost of production by benchmarking the costs of each factor of production. Creating cost benchmarks using this process is beneficial to the overall cost budgeting of the company. Also, it enables a company to create target revenue levels that it should derive from the sale of each unit of its products. However, standard costing method does not provide the platform for a company to analyse the individual cost factors in details. Also, actual costs incurred by a company for producing its goods during a particular fiscal year may be significantly more than the standard costs of production estimated, due to various real-time factors such as inflation, availability of raw materials and price increments by suppliers. Due to this, the standard costing method is

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Classification and Division of Tae Kwon Do Essay - 1

Classification and Division of Tae Kwon Do - Essay Example Officially, there are a number of categories in the events of the WTF (World Tae Kwon Do Federation). These are the following: 1. WTF-promoted competitions 2. Championships promoted by Regional Taekwondo Unions of the WTF in 4 continents 3. International Competitions promoted by international sport organizations, and 4. Other international WTF-approved competitions 1. WTF-promoted competitions a. World Taekwondo Championships b. Women’s World Taekwondo Championships c. World Taekwondo Championships d. World Taekwondo Poomsae Champioships 2. Regional Taekwondo Unions Championships (Regional Junior Taekwondo Championships a. Asian Taekwondo Championships b. European Taekwondo Championships c. Pan American Taekwondo Championships d. African Taekwondo Championships 3. International Sport Organizations-promoted competitions (CISM, FISU, and continental or regional sport organizations) a. World Military Championships b. World University Taekwondo Championships 4. Other International Taekwondo Competitions WTF-approved with the request of the Organizing Committee in agreement with the related rules of the WTF (WTF.org).

Monday, January 27, 2020

V.S. Naipaul’s Mimic Men: Analysis of Identity Crisis

V.S. Naipaul’s Mimic Men: Analysis of Identity Crisis Abstract This article attempts to determine representation of identity crisis in V. S. Naipaul’s work Mimic Men. And this article attempts to relate how this novel is replete with the theme of identity crisis. Furthermore, the analysis of the novel’s genre and characters declare themes that are coloured by postmodern trait of fragmentation, which is discussed on a theoretical base with a focus on the theme of identity crisis. V.S. Naipaul has always represented a denial of the third-world spirit, and has represented societies that have recently emerged from colonialism. He describes the way these societies function in the post- colonial order. Though imperialism has passed and the colonies have attained an independent status, but these nations of the Third World faces a lot of problems like economic, social and political, and these are emerged identity crisis in the society. As a post- colonial novelist, Naipaul concentrates on major themes related to the problems of the coloni zed people. As an observer and interpreter of the ex- colonies, he clarifies the inadequacies of such societies. In his novels, The Mimic Men, the theme acquire a universality and observes and presents the fragmentation and alienation happen to be the universal location of man in the present day world. Introduction Some eminent Third World critics concentrate mainly on Naipaul’s development as a creative artist who picks up issues relating to the Third World. His works throw light on the Post-colonial and post- imperial realities that have shaped the contemporary societies and provides important insights relating to them. Naipaul’s novels lead to a better understanding of the problems that are faced by the post- imperial generations. In The Mimic Men, it has been observed that, as in the novels studied in the previous chapters, the characters as well as situations in The Mimic Men are dealt with by an â€Å"ambivalent approach†. The larger emphasis, however, has been seen to be laid on Singh’s attitude which creates â€Å"ambivalence† identity crisis by emphasising his seesaw relationship to Isabella and London. For instance, in the attic scene, Singh has been observed to vacillate between the â€Å"magic† and the â€Å"forlornness† of â€Å"the city,† which is London, the â€Å"heart of Empire†. Then, in the forward scene, Singh on the one hand criticises his colonial island for being a â€Å"transitional† and â€Å"makeshift† society that â€Å"lacks order,† and on the other hand, he describes London as â€Å"the greater disorder† and the â€Å"final emptiness.† While Singh finds the natural elements of London, such as the snow and the â€Å"light of dusk† gorgeous, he detests London’s dullness and lack of colour. Soon after Singh has left Isabella with the intention never to return, he states that London has â€Å"gone sour† on him and that he longs for the â€Å"certainties† of his island, although this is the place from where he once wanted to escape. These early scenes, then, which pass during Singh’s stay as a student in London, tell about Singh’s disillusionment with London, to where he has come, â€Å"fleeing disorder,† and â€Å"to find the beginning of order.† In a second flash-forward, however, as Singh arrives at Isabella, he calls his journey to and from London a â€Å"double journey† and a â€Å"double failure.† This â€Å"ambivalent situation† indicates that Singh is nowhere at home, and it is an indirect criticism towards the â€Å"coloniser†, who can be said to be the original cause of Singh’s â€Å"rootlessness†, identity crisis, because he has â€Å"displaced† colonial people like Singh. This argument is reinforced by an example given by Singh, where, to write his biography, he prefers the dull suburb hotel of London to the pastoral cocoa estate on Isabella. Singh calls his return to Isabella a mistake, but he believes that the cause of his mistake has been the â€Å"injury inflicted† on him by London, where he can never feel himself as anything but â€Å"disintegrating, pointless, and fluid.† This is another example that shows to what extent Singh has been affected by the coloniser’s practice of â€Å"displacing† people. Leaving Isabella, Singh feels relief. But as he arrives in London Singh feels he is â€Å"bleeding.† For the second time he senses the â€Å"forlornness† of â€Å"the city† on which he has twice â€Å"fixed so important a hope.† Twice he has come to the â€Å"centre of Empire† to find order, but twice he has been disillusioned. Identity crisis The identity crisis that his characters face is due to the destroying of their past and those who eventually overcome the crisis are the ones who have recovered their past or somehow managed to impose an order on their histories and moved on in life. Naipaul’s attitude to culture has always been progressive. It is the Third- World’s blind mimicry of the West that he cannot stomach. He lashes out at the shortcomings of Third- World societies, which have their roots in their traditional cultures, but are unmindful of them in their blind following of the West. They are thus able to maintain a distinct identity. But for the generation born in exile, life in the foreign soil proves almost fatal, as they have not been blessed with the insularity of their forefathers, who went there from India. For the new generation, India loses the sense of reality that it had conveyed to their ancestors. The major themes that emerge from a reading of his novels are related to the problems o f the colonized people: their sense of Alienation from the landscapes, their identity crisis, the paradox of freedom and the problem of neocolonialism in the ex-colonies. The people who can no longer identify with a cultural heritage lose the assurance and integrity which the locating racial ancestor provides. In addition, the harsh conditions of colonialism have left the West Indian bad conditions under the burden of poverty and ignorance. Because psychological and physical conditions correspond so closely, the unhoused, poverty stricken West Indian is so often culturally and spiritually dispossessed as well. His only alternative is to strive after the culture of his ex-colonial masters even though he is unable to identify with their traditions and values. In The Mimic men, however, Kripal Singh is not handicapped by poverty, ignorance, a lack of natural talent or the persecution of a grasping Hindu family. He has gained the material success, public eminence and apparent independen ce that Ganesh, Harbans and Biswas all longed to have. In addition, because of his university education and his exposure to a more sophisticated society in London, he is better able to recognize and articulate the many ills of his native back ground. but his clearly superior status and acute consciousness do not make him any less vulnerable to the subtle, yet over powering consequences of his psychologically fragmented and confusing past. In fact, his ability to rationalize his own condition sharpens rather than reduces his total alienation from his environment and his final rejection of an active life. The Mimic Men, however, is more than a mere elaboration of Naipauls previous West Indian novels: it is a profound re enactment of the growth and nature of the East Indian, west Indian psyche and its reaction to the three cultures, Indian, Creole and English, which influence it. In the process, Kripal Singh, the narrator, confessor and visionary, comments on power, politics, social an d racial interactions, sex, education, displacement, isolation and identity crisis as experienced by the ex-colonial. Each topic is used to illuminate a facet of his mind. Conclusion To summarise what has been argued above, Singh is disillusioned about both Isabella and London, because he is a member of a colonised people that has been â€Å"displaced† identity crisis on a colonial â€Å"slave-island,† with a racially and culturally mixed population. In the period before Singh comes to London, he vacillates between his longing to escape from the island, where he feels â€Å"displaced† and â€Å"rootless†, and the feeling that experience past on the colonial island nevertheless attaches him somehow to it. During Singh’s political career, the â€Å"ambivalent attitudes† in Singh and Browne have shown that, while they seem to criticise the â€Å"colonised† and the colony, their â€Å"ambivalent attitude† actually indicates that the real source of the faults criticised in individuals and the society is to be found with the â€Å"coloniser†. Finally, Singh escapes from his â€Å"artificial home† to the â€Å"imperial centre† and claims to have found fulfilment there, but his â€Å"ambivalent attitude† again shows that these are not real fulfilments, but only excuses used by Singh to find a â€Å"sense of attachment† in a certain â€Å"location† of the earth. However, even during this seeming compromise, Singh makes his important statement that finally attaches him to his own culture and not to the one of the coloniser. References Bongie, Chris. Islands and Exiles: The Creole Identities of Post/Colonial Literature.  California: Stanford University Press, 1998. Harney, Stefano. Nationalism and Identity: Culture and the Imagination in a  Caribbean Diaspora. Kingston: University of the West Indies, 1996. Naipaul, V.S. The Mimic Men. London, New York, etc.: Penguin Books, 1969. (First  published 1967).

Saturday, January 18, 2020

A Dream of Life Essay

Try to picture this: A big white house with light blue shutters and a big porch. Two young children are playing with their dog without arguing or fighting. The mom is preparing dinner ready at 6 o’clock in the big kitchen. Meanwhile, the dad is just arriving from work in his BMW and stops to play a little with his kids. The mom comes out the porch, tells them â€Å"dinner is ready, go wash your hands† and gives the husband a big hug and a welcome kiss. They are the perfect American dream family. This perfect life is what most Americans dream of when they work an eight-hour day in exchange for a two-week vacation and a one-week sick leave. Americans work all this time because they think that the democratic government in the US is working hard to provide them the right of equality, prosperity, and adventure. The people of this nation become slaves of themselves and their dream of life by working too much for something only few get. The right of equality is a big part of this American Dream. But is equality being attained by every citizen? There are myths that stop citizens from acquiring this equality. Simone De Beauvoir in her â€Å"Myth and Reality† essay explains how myths are used to break this equality between women and men. She explains how the eternal myth that women are mysterious and incomprehensible to men affects the equality at work. In a relationship of master to slave, it is always the slave who is mysterious and difficult to understand (818). This myth keeps the women in a lower status than the men, and the equality wanted by every American citizen is not met. There are more myths about equality. For example the myth of working hard to have a secure job, this myth might have been formed by people that had a business and wanted employees to work as hard as possible, so they would make more profit. Americans follow these myths to have a better economic status, but all they are gaining is to be in an uneven equality status. They work hard and slave themselves to their masters (or bosses in this case) to gain this dream, but instead they end up trapped working for life. In contrast, democracy by the society is not always used in a prudent way. Alex De Tocqueville makes a strong point explaining how equality among individuals eventually produces a desire for centralization in government. Consequently the people will be too busy with their own activities and lives making their own fortune. As the outcome, this society will expect the government to take care of the nation so that they will be free to peruse their own opportunities (566). This freedom of democracy might consequently produce governors whose power will be concentrated in a way that the people will exercise this freedom unwisely. The conditions that produce equality on the citizens might as well produce a despot. If a ruler with absolute power if produced from equality then equality stops being equality for everybody, because this ruler will divide the power among the people according to what might be better for him. Furthermore, Alex De Tocqueville explains that â€Å"the principle of quality, which makes men independent of each other, gives them a habit and a taste for following in their private actions no other guide than their own will† (569). This independence tends to make them live with a natural favoritism towards free institutions. For example, the killings of Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Shah of Iran, Pol Pot, Pinochet and others could have been prevented by a free institutionalized government. The problem with this is that â€Å"private life in democratic times is so busy, so excited, and so full of wishes and of work, that hardly any energy or leisure remains to each individual for public life† (573). With no time for public life, half of the dream is gone, and gone not to ever come back again. But people work even harder to get more time, but the harder they work the less time they have. This busyness of working fifty two weeks a year for this freedom makes the society slaves of itself, takes away the freedom generated by equality. Additionally, stereotypes formulated by the government about the people living in this society break the equality given to them by democracy. James Baldwin was a Negro revolutionist, in his essay of â€Å"The American Dream and the American Negro† he explains how the stereotyped generated by the government, of the people living within the society do not allow them the same equality. â€Å"One of the things the white world does not know, but I think I know, is that black people are just like everybody else. We are also mercenaries, dictators, murderers, liars. We are human, too.† There is no exception to who is an American, but the society seems to be making exceptions for color, race or religion. This exception shatters equality, and prosperity is not the same for everybody anymore, but still people work so hard to attain what they dreamed for that they spend too much time doing so, and they lose the occasion of adventure. The American dream is not for everybody as the society seems to believe. Americans are willing to enslave themselves in order to attain their big white houses with light blue shutters. Different myths stop them in the middle of slavery where they stay for the rest of their lives, still trying to reach that dream. While all this is happening, centralization is occurring in the country, and the society is too busy with their own activities and lives making their own fortune, expecting the government to take care of the nation so that they can be free to peruse their own opportunities. This leaves a huge unsecured gap in the government for rulers to have absolute power over the nation. Citizens then become slaves of the country, working endless hours that never seam to end until they die, and their sons and daughters do the same thing, and it becomes a vice circle. At the end, only a few citizens attain their big houses with enough financial security to adventure the world. Those few li ve the American dream. Works cited: Baldwin, James. â€Å"The American Dream and the American Negro.† A World of Ideas Essential Reading for College Writers. By Lee A Jacobus. Sixth Edition ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002. 261-. Rpt. in A World of Ideas Essential Readings for College Writers. Beauvoir, Simone De. â€Å"Woman: Myth and Reality.† A World of Ideas Essential Reading for College Writers. By Lee A Jacobus. Sixth Edition ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002. 75-81. Rpt. in A World of Ideas Essential Readings for College Writers. Tocqueville, Alexis de. â€Å"Influence of Democratic Ideas and Feelings on Political Society.† A World of Ideas Essential Readingfor College Writers. By Lee A Jacobus. Sixth Edition ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002. 247-257. Rpt. in A World of Ideas Essential Readings for College Writers.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Education authority staff Essay

By you consistently adhering to the writing guidelines By meeting agreed timescales and deadlines Through regular monitoring of output by your team leader. Through joint meetings with other writers to set and maintain the standard Through feedback from the engagement process Finally, sign off for outputs will be agreed by the Program Director following advice from a final validation panel comprising members of all four partner organisations. A checklist for writing outcomes Does the outcome conform to the following criteria? 1. Is it written in clear English, appropriate as far as possible to the level? 2. Does the outcome: Specify what may be: i. learned – knowledge, understanding or skill? ii. Experienced? iii. Indicate or direct the selection of learning activities? iv. Allow evaluation of the outcome: v. By the young person? vi. By the teacher? vii. Does the outcome include an appropriate ‘action verb’? viii. Does the outcome demand more of the young person than consider features of outcomes at the earlier level? Technology in K-12 education [8] Generation Y is an innovative curriculum and resource solution for grades 3-12 that promotes school wide technology infusion. It is a technology program with a twist. Gen Y students develop technological fluency while learning how to share their knowledge with others. Each student is paired with a classroom teacher who needs help integrating technology into their practice. Each student/teacher team decides on a curriculum component or lesson to enhance with technology. Students learn about pedagogy and lesson plan design while developing their communication, planning and project management skills. The partner teacher receives support for their technology projects when and where they need it – in their classroom. The result is authentic project-based learning for the students and sustainable technology professional development for the teachers. This powerful model has been refined and proven in real classrooms around the world. The students are empowered to see themselves as valuable members of the educational community. They take this responsibility very seriously, becoming invaluable resources and helping teachers and their schools throughout their school career. For six years, Generation Y has been delivered in almost any conceivable school setting. From Native American villages in Alaska and Washington to all secondary schools in the Virgin Islands, to remote towns in Wyoming to urban schools in empowerment zones in Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Seattle, Los Angeles and Washington DC. â€Å"Through this technology infusion, participating educators receive individualized support as they strengthen their use and integration of new technologies. Students learn technology, communication, collaboration, and project management skills in an authentic, personally meaningful context, and many go on to further extend their skills through advanced school or community service projects. † Generation Y is one of most researched educational technology programs in the United States. Since the start of the Technology Innovation Challenge Grant (TICG) program, the Northwest Regional Education Laboratory (NWREL) has served as an independent external evaluator. Feedback from every stakeholder group was woven back into the curriculum materials, the online support tools and the assessment design. The resulting program is a strong model that supports a wide variety of uses and classroom profiles. Test for the effectiveness of curriculum towards meeting its aims and objectives [6] Is it possible to anticipate whether or not the curriculum meets its aims? One simple test to apply makes use of the set of guiding principles of good education proposed by the American Association of Higher Education. According to these a good curriculum should: Encourage staff/student contact Encourage co-operation between students Encourage active learning Provide prompt feedback on performance of both teacher and taught Emphasise `time on the task’ Respect the diverse talents and ways of learning brought to the course by the students Evaluate itself Display a clarity of aims and objectives. Make use of the educational literature Conclusion One telling criticism that can continue to be made of any approach is that there is no social vision or program to guide the process of curriculum construction. Designing a curriculum not a simple matter and there is no single ‘best’ answer either in the form of the curriculum or even the methodology adopted for its design. A final question we might ask is whether or not it is possible to determine if the result is any good. One way is by always including a careful student of the course once it has been given. Evaluation of this sort is essential and should always be treated seriously, allowing sufficient time in class for any survey questionnaire to be filled out and with the results carefully summarised. It is good practice to post a notice giving the results of the evaluation and providing an instructor’s commentary. References 1. p 10, Kelly 1983, Kelly 1999 2. v50 n6 p488-496 Mar 2007, Stansberry, Susan L. ; Kymes, Angel D. , Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 3. p 23, Blenkin et al 1992: 23 4. p 11, Grundy 1987, Curriculum: Product or Praxis, Lewes 5.77, Stenhouse 1974. 6. David J. Unwin, (1997). Curriculum Design for GIS, NCGIA Core Curriculum in GIScience, 7. http://www. ncgia. ucsb. edu/giscc/units/u159/u159. html, posted January 08, 1998. 8. http://www. newhorizons. org/strategies/technology/martinez. htm 9. Generation Y Evaluation Studies http://www. genyes. org/products/geny/genyresearch 10. Tyler, R. W. (1949) Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, Chicago 11. Wragg, T. (1997) The Cubic Curriculum, London 12. Aristotle (1976) The Nicomachean Ethics (‘Ethics’), Harmondsworth: Penguin. 13. Barnes, J. (1976) ‘Introduction’ to Aristotle The Nicomachean Ethics (‘Ethics’), Harmondsworth: Penguin. 14. Barrow, R. (1984) Giving Teaching back to Teachers. A critical introduction to curriculum theory, Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books. 15. Blenkin, G. M. et al (1992) Change and the Curricula, London: Paul Chapman. 16. Bobbitt, F. (1918) The Curriculum, Boston: Houghton Mifflin 17. Bobbitt, F. (1928) How to Make a Curriculum, Boston: Houghton Mifflin 18. Carr, W. & Kemmis, S. (1986) Becoming Critical. Education, knowledge and action research, Lewes: Falmer Press 19. Cornbleth, C. (1990) Curriculum in Context, Basingstoke: Falmer Press. 20. Curzon, L. B. (1985) Teaching in Further Education. An outline of principles and practice 3e, London: Cassell. 21. Dewey, J. (1902) The Child and the Curriculum, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 22. Dewey, J. (1938) Experience and Education, New York: Macmillan. 23. Eisner, E. W. (1985) The Art of Educational Evaluation, Lewes: Falmer Press. 24. Foreman, A. (1990) ‘Personality and curriculum’ in T. Jeffs. & M. Smith (eds. ) (1990) Using Informal Education. An alternative to casework, teaching and control? Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Freire, P. (1972) Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Harmondsworth: Penguin. 25. Grundy, S. (1987) Curriculum: product or praxis? Lewes: Falmer Press. 26. Jackson, P. W. (1968) Life in Classrooms, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 27. Jeffs, T. & Smith, M. (eds. ) (1990) Using Informal Education. An alternative to casework, teaching and control? Milton Keynes: Open University Press. 28. Jeffs, T. J. and Smith, M. K. (1999) Informal Education. Conversation, democracy and learning, Ticknall: Education Now. 29. Kelly, A. V. (1983; 1999) The Curriculum. Theory and practice 4e, London: Paul Chapman. 30. Stenhouse, L. (1975) An introduction to Curriculum Research and Development, London: Heineman. 31. Newman, E. & G. Ingram (1989) The Youth Work Curriculum, London: Further Education Unit (FEU). 32. Taba, H. (1962) Curriculum Development: Theory and practice, New York: Harcourt Brace and World. 33. Tyler, R. W. (1949) Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 34. Usher, R. & I. Bryant (1989) Adult Education as Theory, Practice and Research. The captive triangle, London: Routledge.